Era il 24 settembre di 100 anni fa quando un giovanissimo J.R.R. Tolkien sedeva, impugnava una penna e scriveva l’inizio di una delle opere più belle mai lette: creava un mondo nuovo, dove personaggi e situazioni dovevano solo essere scoperte.
Parliamo della poesia intitolata Il viaggio di Eärendel, la stella della sera (in originale The Voyage of Eärendel the Evening Star). Grande l’influsso delle letture nordiche sul giovane Tolkien, come The Kalevala, e il nome di Eärendel lo lesse molto presumibilmente per la prima volta all’interno del Crist di Cynewulf.
Eärendel era un marinaio che viaggiava per il mondo.
« Aiya Eärendil Elenion Ancalima! » « Ti saluto, o Eärendil, la più luminosa delle stelle! »
Nel racconto Quenta Silmarillion si racconta che Eärendil nacque nella città nascosta di Gondolin (ultima roccaforte elfica nel Beleriand) da Idril, figlia del re Turgon e sposa di Tuor, uomo a ciò predestinato che era giunto a Gondolin grazie all’aiuto del Vala Ulmo.
Gondolin fu assediata e distrutta dalle forze oscure di Morgoth poco dopo la nascita di Eärendil: egli ed i suoi genitori si misero in salvo fuggendo, raggiungendo infine la foce del fiume Sirion. Qui si stabilirono assieme ai rifugiati di un regno elfico distrutto dai figli di Fëanor, il Doriath, fra cui vi era Elwing. Questa era l’ultima erede della casa reale di quel regno, e aveva ereditato uno dei tre Silmaril, un gioiello in cui era imprigionata la luce che un tempo aveva rischiarato Valinor, il reame immortale dell’ovest ove ancora vivevano gli dei (i Valar) e le stirpi più nobili degli Elfi. Eärendil sposò Elwing, da cui ebbe due figli: Elrond ed Elros.
Divenuto un grande navigatore, a bordo della sua nave (Vingilot in elfico, Rothinzil in lingua númenoreana), Eärendil navigò alla volta del reame immortale assieme ad Elwing sua moglie e grazie al potere del Silmaril riuscì ad approdarvi. Là perorò la causa degli Elfi e degli Uomini di fronte al consiglio dei Valar e grazie alla sua ambasciata i Valar e gli Elfi di Valinor mossero guerra al malvagio Morgoth, abbattendone definitivamente il potere. Durante le Guerre d’Ira Eärendil uccise il drago Ancalagon.
Ad Elwing ed Eärendil fu imposto di non tornare più alle terre mortali; inoltre essi ed i loro discendenti (noti come Mezzelfi in quanto di stirpe mista umana ed elfica) dovettero scegliere a quale stirpe legare il proprio destino: Elwing, Eärendil ed Elrond scelsero la stirpe elfica (Eärendil era più attratto dalla stirpe degli uomini, ma scelse di divenire elfo per amore di Elwing), mentre Elros (da cui discese la famiglia reale di Númenor) scelse la stirpe umana. Ad Eärendil fu tuttavia concesso di navigare a bordo della sua nave nell’oceano dell’aria, ovvero sulla volta celeste, da cui la luce che emana dal Silmaril porta speranza ai figli di Ilúvatar. Nella Terra di Mezzo egli verrà chiamato la Stella del Mattino.
E la canzone di Bilbo:
Eärendil was a mariner
that tarried in Arvernien;
he built a boat of timber felled
in Nimbrethil to journey in;
her sails he wove of silver fair,
of silver were her lanterns made,
her prow was fashioned like a swan,
and light upon her banners laid.In panoply of ancient kings,
in chainéd rings he armoured him;
his shining shield was scored with runes
to ward all wounds and harm from him;
his bow was made of dragon-horn,
his arrows shorn of ebony,
of silver was his habergeon,
his scabbard of chalcedony;
his sword of steel was valiant,
of adamant his helmet tall,
an eagle-plume upon his crest,
upon his breast an emerald.Beneath the Moon and under star
he wandered far from northern strands,
bewildered on enchanted ways
beyond the days of mortal lands.
From gnashing of the Narrow Ice
where shadow lies on frozen hills,
from nether heats and burning waste
he turned in haste, and roving still
on starless waters far astray
at last he came to Night of Naught,
and passed, and never sight he saw
of shining shore nor light he sought.
The winds of wrath came drving him,
and blindly in the foam he fled
from west to east and errandless,
unheralded he homeward sped.There flying Elwing came to him,
and flame was in the darkness lit;
more bright than light of diamond the fire upon her carcanet.
The Silmaril she bound on him
and crowned him with the living light
and dauntless then with burning brow
he turned his prow; and in the night
from Otherworld beyond the Sea
there strong and free a storm arose,
a wind of power in Tarmenel;
by paths that seldom mortal goes
his boat it bore with biting breath
as might of death across the grey
and long-forsaken seas distressed:
from east to west he passed away.Through Evernight he back was borne
on black and roaring waves that ran
o’er leagues unlit and foundered shores
that drowned before the Days began,
until he heard on strands of pearl
where ends the world the music long,
where ever-foaming billows roll
the yellow gold and jewels wan.He saw the Mountain silent rise
where twilight lies upon the knees
of Valinor, and Eldamar
beheld afar beyond the seas.
A wanderer escaped from night
to haven white he came at last,
to Elvenhome the green and fair
where keen the air, where pale as glass
beneath the Hill of Ilmarin
a-glimmer in a valley sheer
the lamplit towers of Tirion
are mirrored on the Shadowmere.He tarried there from errantry,
and melodies they taught to him,
and sages old him marvels told,
and harps of gold they brought to him.
They clothed him then in elven-white,
and seven lights before him sent,
as through the Calacirian
to hidden land forlorn he went.
He came unto the timeless halls
where shining fall the countless year,
and endless reigns the Elder King
in Ilmarin on Mountain sheer;
and words unheard were spoken then
of folk of Men and Elven-kin,
beyond the world were visions showed
forbid to those that dwell therein.A ship then new they built for him
of mithril and of elven-glass
with shining prow; no shaven oar
nor sail she bore on silver mas:
the Silmaril as lantern light
and banner bright with living flame
to gleam thereon by Elbereth
herself was set, who thither came
and wings immortal made for him,
and laid on him undying doom,
to sail the shoreless skies and come
behind the Sun and light of Moon.From Evereven’s lofty hills
where softly silver fountains fall
his wings him bore, a wandering light,
beyond the mighty Mountain Wall.
From World’s End then he turned away,
and yearned again to find afar
his home through shadow journeying,
and burning as an island star
on high above the mists he came,
a distant flame before the Sun,
a wonder ere the waking dawn
where grey the Norland waters run.And over Middle-earth he passed
and heard at last the weeping sore
of women and of elven-maids
in Elder Days, in years of yore.
But on him mighty doom was laid,
till Moon should fade, an orbéd star
to pass, and tarry never more
on Hither Shores where mortals are;
for ever still a herald on
an errand that should never rest
to bear his shining lamp afar,
the Flammifer of Westernesse.
